Aristotle

• Aristotle | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Aristotle | Dictionary of New Testament Background
• Aristotle | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

• Works

Avicenna

• Avicenna | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• AVICENNA | The Jewish Encyclopedia
• Avicenna (980-1037) | Pocket Dictionary of Apologetics and Philosophy of Religion

Averroes

• Averroes | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Averroes (1126–1198) | Biographical Entries from Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
• Averroism | New Dictionary of Theology
• Averroës (1126-1198) | Pocket Dictionary of Apologetics and Philosophy of Religion

Descartes

• Descartes, Rene | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Descartes, René (1596–1650) | Biographical Entries from Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
• Descartes, René | New Dictionary of Theology
• Descartes, René | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

• Works

Epicurus

• Epicureanism | Dictionary of New Testament Background
• Epicureanism | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
• Epicureans and Stoics | N.T. Wright, Paul and the Faithfulness of God

Hegel

• Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831) | Biographical Entries from Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
• Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich | New Dictionary of Theology
• Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
• Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831) | Pocket Dictionary of Apologetics and Philosophy of Religion

• Works

Heidegger

• Heidegger, Martin (1889–1976) | Biographical Entries from Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
• Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976) | Pocket Dictionary of Apologetics and Philosophy of Religion

Hume

• Hume, David | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Hume, David (1711–1776) | Biographical Entries from Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
• Hume, David | New Dictionary of Theology
• David Hume | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

• Works

Kant

• Kant, Immanuel | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804) | Biographical Entries from Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
• Kant, Immanuel | New Dictionary of Theology
• Kant, Immanuel | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
• Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) | Pocket Dictionary of Apologetics and Philosophy of Religion

• Works

Leibniz

• Leibniz, Gottfried | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716) | Biographical Entries from Evangelical Dictionary of Theology

• Leibniz, Discourse on Metaphysics Correspondence with Arnauld and Monadology

Maimonides

• Maimonides | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Moses Ben Maimon | The Jewish Encyclopedia
• Maimonides, Moses | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
• David Hartman, Maimonides: Torah and Philosophic Quest | (Expanded Edition)
• Solomon Zeitlin, Maimonides: A Biography

• Works

Pascal

• Pascal, Blaise | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Pascal, Blaise (1623–1662) | Biographical Entries from Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
• Pascal, Blaise | New Dictionary of Theology
• Pascal, Blaise | Nelson’s New Christian Dictionary
• PASCAL, BLAISE | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
• Pascal, Blaise | 131 Christians Everyone Should Know

• Blaise Pascal, Thoughts, Letters, and Minor Works | The Harvard Classics 48

Plato

• Plato | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Plato | Dictionary of New Testament Background
• Platonism | New Dictionary of Theology
• Platonism And Christianity | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
• The Real Beginning: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle | N.T. Wright, Paul and the Faithfulness of God

• Works

Plotinus

• Plotinus | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Platonism | New Dictionary of Theology
• Plotinus | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

Spinoza

• Spinoza, Benedict | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
• Spinoza, Benedict De (1632–1677) | Biographical Entries from Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
• Spinoza, Benedict De | The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

• Works

Wittgenstein

• Wittgenstein, Ludwig | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics

• Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus | English Text
• Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus | German Text