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Trinity

Type: Doctrine

Alternate Labels

  • Trinity, doctrine of the
  • Trinity of God
  • Trinitarianism
  • Blessed Trinity
  • Holy Trinity
  • Divine Trinity
  • Godhead
  • Triune God
  • Triunity
  • Father, Son, Spirit
  • The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
  • Trinitas
  • Deus Trinitas
  • Sancta Trinitas
  • Divinitas Trinitatis
  • Mysterium Trinitatis
  • Tritheism
  • Monotheism
  • Modalism
  • Modalistic Monarchianism
  • Sabellianism
  • Unitarianism
  • Binitarianism
  • Patripassianism
  • Arianism
  • Subordinationism
  • Monarchianism
  • Ontological Trinity
  • Immanent Trinity
  • Economic Trinity
  • Social Trinity

Reading List

Key Passages

  • Matthew 28:19
  • 1 Corinthians 12:4–6
  • 2 Corinthians 13:14
  • Ephesians 4:4–6
  • 1 Peter 1:2
  • 1 John 5:7 KJV
  • Jude 20–21

1. Articles

1.1. In English Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

  • “Trinity.” Collins English Dictionary. 8th ed.
  • “Trinity.” The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed.
  • “Trinity.” Concise Oxford English Dictionary.
  • “Trinity.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th ed.
  • “Trinity.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed.

1.2. In Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

  • Anderson, Ken. “Trinity.” Where to Find It in the Bible.
  • Clark, Gordon H., Stanley Gundry, and R. Allan Killen. “Trinity.” The Wycliffe Bible Encyclopedia.
  • Easton, M. G. “Trinity.” Easton’s Bible Dictionary.
  • Elwell, Walter A., and Philip W. Comfort. “Trinity.” Tyndale Bible Dictionary.
  • Gregg, D. Larry. “Trinity.” Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible.
  • Longstaff, Thomas R. W. “Trinity, The.” Harper’s Bible Dictionary.
  • Manser, Martin H. “God, the Trinity.” Dictionary of Bible Themes.
  • McChesney, E., and Merrill F. Unger. “Trinity.” The New Unger’s Bible Dictionary.
  • McFarlane, Graham W. P. and Turner, Max “Trinity.” The New Bible Dictionary, Third Edition.
  • Meeks, Charles “Trinity.” The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
  • Myers, Allen C., ed. “Trinity.” Eerdmans Bible Dictionary.
  • Plantinga, Cornelius, Jr. “Trinity.” International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Rev ed.
  • Schofield, Alfred Taylor. “Trinity.” A Dictionary of Some of the More Common Biblical Words and Phrases: With an Attempt to Give Their True Scriptural Meaning, 93. London: G. Morrish, 1882.
  • Stump, Donald V., and David L. Jeffrey. “Trinity.” A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature, edited by David Lyle Jeffery. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992.
  • Warfield, Benjamin B. “Trinity.” International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.
  • Youngblood, Ronald F., ed. “Trinity.” Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary.

1.3. In Theological Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

  • Bray, Gerald L. “Trinity.” New Dictionary of Theology.
  • Campbell, Cynthia M. “Trinity.” Encyclopedia of the Reformed Faith, edited by Donald K. McKim and David F. Wright, 374–77. Louisville: WJK, 1992.
  • Carson, Donald A. “Trinity.” Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions, edited by A. Scott Moreau, 969–71. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2000.
  • Cross, F. L., and E. A. Livingstone, eds. “Trinity, doctrine of the.” The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 3rd ed. rev., 1652–53. Oxford: OUP, 2005.
  • Dobbin, Edmund J. “Trinity.” The New Dictionary of Theology, edited by Joseph A. Komonchak, Mary Collins, and Dermot A. Lane, 1046–61. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 2000.
  • Evans, C. Stephen. “Trinity.” Pocket Dictionary of Apologetics and Philosophy of Religion.
  • Geisler, Norman L. “Trinity.” Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics, 730–37. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999.
  • Grenz, Stanley J., David Guretzki, and Cherith Fee Nordling, eds. “Trinity.” Pocket Dictionary of Theological Terms, 116. Downers Grove: IVP, 1999.
  • Kurian, George Thomas, ed. “Trinity.” Nelson’s New Christian Dictionary.
  • Lueker, Erwin L. “Trinity.” Christian Cyclopedia.
  • MacLean, A. J.”The Holy Trinity.” Dictionary of the Apostolic Church edited by James Hastings, 460. New Yoork: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916-1918.
  • Muller, Richard A. “Trinitas.” Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms: Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology, 306–10. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1985.
  • Wainwright, Geoffrey. “Trinity.” Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible.

1.4. In Theological Journals

2. Chapters or Sections

2.1. In Systematic Theologies

  • Aquinas, Thomas. “Treatise on the Most Holy Trinity (Questions [27]-43).” In Summa Theologica.
  • Barth, Karl. “The Triune God.” In The Doctrine of the Word of God, Part 1. Vol. 1 of Church Dogmatics, translated by G. W. Bromiley, edited by G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance, 2nd ed., 293–489 (esp. 348–83). Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 2004.
  • Berkhof, Louis. “The Holy Trinity.” In Systematic Theology, 82–99. 4th ed. 1938. Reprinted, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.
  • Berkhof, Louis. “The Trinity.” In Manual of Christian Doctrine, 75–83. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1933.
  • Berkhof, Louis. “The Trinity.” In Summary of Christian Doctrine, 42–45. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1938.
  • Bloesch, Donald G. “The Mystery of the Trinity.” In God the Almighty: Power, Wisdom, Holiness, Love. Christian Foundations, 166–204. Downers, Grove: IVP, 1995.
  • Boettner, Loraine. “The Trinity.” In Studies in Theology, 79–139. Philadelphia: P&R, 1971.
  • Boice, James Montgomery. “God in Three Persons.” In Foundations of the Christian Faith: A Comprehensive and Readable Theology. Rev. ed., 108–16. Downers Grove: IVP, 1986.
  • Boyce, James Petigru. “Outward Relations in the Trinity.” In Abstract of Systematic Theology, 156–66. 1887. Reprint, Phillipsburg: P&R, 1996.
  • Boyce, James Petigru. “Personal Relations in the Trinity.” In Abstract of Systematic Theology, 136–55. 1887. Reprint, Phillipsburg: P&R, 1996.
  • Boyce, James Petigru. “The Trinity.” In Abstract of Systematic Theology, 125–36. 1887. Reprint, Phillipsburg: P&R, 1996.
  • Brakel, Wilhelmus à. “The Divine Persons.” In The Christian’s Reasonable Service, translated by Bartel Elshout, 1:139–91. Soli Deo Gloria, 1993.
  • Brakel, Wilhelmus à. “The Essence of God.” In The Christian’s Reasonable Service, translated by Bartel Elshout, 1:83–138. Soli Deo Gloria, 1993.
  • Calvin, John. “The Unity of the Divine Essence in Three Persons Taught, in Scripture, from the Foundation of the World.” In Institutes of the Christian Religion, I, xiii. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society, 1845–46.
  • Chafer, Lewis Sperry. “Trinitarianism.” In Systematic Theology, Volume One: Prolegomena, Bibliology, and Theology Proper, 272–414. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1976.
  • Chemnitz, Martin. “God in Particular.” In Loci Theologici, translated by J. A. O. Preus, 63–81. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1989.
  • Clarke, Adam. “The Trinity.” In Christian Theology.
  • Cottrell, Jack. “God Is Three: The Trinity.” In The Faith Once for All: Bible Doctrine for Today.
  • Culver, Robert D. “The Triunity of the Godhead in Biblical and Christian History.” In Systematic Theology: Biblical and Historical, 104–12. Ross-shire, Great Britain: Mentor, 2005.
  • Culver, Robert D. “The Triunity of the Godhead: Questions, Traditional Expressions, Illustrations, Values, Refinements, Cautions.” In Systematic Theology: Biblical and Historical, 113–21. Ross-shire, Great Britain: Mentor, 2005.
  • Dabney, Robert L. “The Trinity.” In Lectures in Systematic Theology, 207–16.
  • Duffield, Guy P., and Nathaniel M. Van Cleave. “The Tri-Unity (Trinity) of God.” In Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, 86–90. Los Angeles: L.I.F.E. Bible College, 1983.
  • Enns, Paul P. “The Trinity of God.” In Moody Handbook of Theology, 198–203. Moody: Chicago, 1989.
  • Erickson, Millard. “God’s Three-in-Oneness: The Trinity.” In Christian Theology. 2nd ed., 346–67. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998.
  • Evans, William, and S. Maxwell Coder. “The Doctrine of the Trinity (Vs. Unitarianism).” In The Great Doctrines of the Bible.
  • Feinberg, John S. “The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In No One Like Him: The Doctrine of God. Foundations of Evangelical Theology, edited by John S. Feinberg, 437–98. Wheaton: Crossway, 2001.
  • Finger, Thomas N. “The Trinity.” In A Contemporary Anabaptist Theology: Biblical, Historical, Constructive, 421–64. Downers Grove: IVP, 2004.
  • Frame, John M. “God, Three in One.” In Salvation Belongs to the Lord: An Introduction to Systematic Theology, 30–41. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2006.
  • Frame, John M. “God, Three in One.” In The Doctrine of God, 619–43. Vol. 2, A Theology of Lordship. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2002.
  • Frame, John M. “The Three Are God.” In The Doctrine of God, 644–87. Vol. 2, A Theology of Lordship. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2002.
  • Frame, John M. “Father, Son, and Spirit.” In The Doctrine of God, 688–735. Vol. 2, A Theology of Lordship. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2002.
  • Geisler, Norman L. “God’s Unity and Triunity.” In Systematic Theology, Volume Two: God, Creation, 269–312. Minneapolis: Bethany, 2003.
  • Gilkey, Langdon. “God.” In Christian Theology: An Introduction to Its Traditions and Tasks, edited by Peter Crafts Hodgson and Robert Harlen King, 88–113. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994.
  • Grudem, Wayne A. “God in Three Persons: The Trinity.” In Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, 226–61. Leicester, England: IVP; Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000.
  • Henry, Carl F. H. “Muddling the Trinitarian Dispute.” In God, Revelation and Authority, Vol. 5: God Who Stands and Stays, Part One, 165–90. Wheaton: Crossway, 1999.
  • Henry, Carl F. H. “The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In God, Revelation and Authority, Vol. 5: God Who Stands and Stays, Part One, 191–213. Wheaton: Crossway, 1999.
  • Hodge, A. A. “The Holy Trinity.” In Outlines of Theology, 164–99. Carlisle, PN: Banner of Truth, 1991.
  • Hodge, A. A. “The Holy Trinity.” In Princetoniana: Charles & A. A. Hodge: with Class and Table Talk of Hodge the Younger, edited by C. A. Salmond, 162–67. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1888.
  • Hodge, Charles. “The Trinity.” In Systematic Theology, 1:442–82.
  • Koehler, Edward W. A. “The Triune God.” In A Summary of Christian Doctrine: A Popular Presentation of the Teachings of the Bible. 2nd rev. ed., 29–33. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 1999.
  • Kolb, Robert. “The Trinity.” In The Christian Faith: A Lutheran Exposition, 41–47. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 1999.
  • Laney, J. Carl, Jr. “The Triunity of God.” In Understanding Christian Theology, edited by Charles R. Swindoll and Roy B. Zuck.
  • Melanchthon, Philip. “God.” In Loci Communes, translated by J. A. O. Preus, 18–32. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1992.
  • Mueller, John Theodore. “The Doctrine of God.” In Christian Dogmatics: A Handbook of Doctrinal Theology for Pastors, Teachers, and Laymen, 143–75. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1934.
  • Oden, Thomas C. “Holy Spirit in Holy Triad.” In Life in the Spirit. Vol. 3 of Systematic Theology, 23–31. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
  • Oden, Thomas C. “Whether God Is Triune.” In The Living God. Vol. 1 of Systematic Theology. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1987.
  • Packer, J. I. “Trinity.” In Concise Theology: A Guide to Historic Christian Beliefs, n.p. Wheaton: Tyndale, 1993.
  • Pannenberg, Wolfhart. “The Trinitarian God.” In Systematic Theology, translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley, 1:258–336. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
  • Pieper, Francis. “The Doctrine of God.” In Christian Dogmatics, 1:369–463. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1950.
  • Reymond, Robert. “God as Trinity.” In A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith.
  • Ryrie, Charles C. “The Triunity of God.” In Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth.
  • Ryrie, Charles C. “What Is the Trinity?.” In A Survey of Bible Doctrine.
  • Shedd, William G. T. “Trinity in Unity.” In Dogmatic Theology, 3rd ed., edited by Alan W. Gomes, 219–73. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1889, 1894. Reprint, Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2003.
  • Smith, Morton H. “The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In Systematic Theology, 147–53. 1994.
  • Strong, Augustus H. “The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In Systematic Theology.
  • Van Til, Cornelius. “The Trinity of God.” In An Introduction to Systematic Theology, n.p. Phillipsburg: P&R, 1979.

2.2. In Other Books

3. Books and Treatises

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