Trinity

Type: Doctrine

Alternate Labels

Trinity, doctrine of the
Trinity of God
Trinitarianism
Blessed Trinity
Holy Trinity
Divine Trinity
Godhead
Triune God
Triunity
Father, Son, Spirit
The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
Trinitas
Deus Trinitas
Sancta Trinitas
Divinitas Trinitatis
Mysterium Trinitatis

Reading List

Key Passages

Matthew 28:19
1 Corinthians 12:4–6
2 Corinthians 13:14
Ephesians 4:4–6
1 Peter 1:2
1 John 5:7 KJV
Jude 20–21

1. Articles

1.1. In English Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

“Trinity.” Collins English Dictionary. 8th ed.
“Trinity.” The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed.
“Trinity.” Concise Oxford English Dictionary.
“Trinity.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th ed.
“Trinity.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed.

1.2. In Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Anderson, Ken. “Trinity.” Where to Find It in the Bible.
Clark, Gordon H., Stanley Gundry, and R. Allan Killen. “Trinity.” The Wycliffe Bible Encyclopedia.
Easton, M. G. “Trinity.” Easton’s Bible Dictionary.
Elwell, Walter A., and Philip W. Comfort. “Trinity.” Tyndale Bible Dictionary.
Gregg, D. Larry. “Trinity.” Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible.
Longstaff, Thomas R. W. “Trinity, The.” Harper’s Bible Dictionary.
Manser, Martin H. “God, the Trinity.” Dictionary of Bible Themes.
McChesney, E., and Merrill F. Unger. “Trinity.” The New Unger’s Bible Dictionary.
McFarlane, Graham W. P. and Turner, Max “Trinity.” The New Bible Dictionary, Third Edition.
Meeks, Charles “Trinity.” The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
Myers, Allen C., ed. “Trinity.” Eerdmans Bible Dictionary.
Plantinga, Cornelius, Jr. “Trinity.” International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Rev ed.
Schofield, Alfred Taylor. “Trinity.” A Dictionary of Some of the More Common Biblical Words and Phrases: With an Attempt to Give Their True Scriptural Meaning, 93. London: G. Morrish, 1882.
Stump, Donald V., and David L. Jeffrey. “Trinity.” A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature, edited by David Lyle Jeffery. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992.
Warfield, Benjamin B. “Trinity.” International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.
Youngblood, Ronald F., ed. “Trinity.” Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary.

1.3. In Theological Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Bray, Gerald L. “Trinity.” New Dictionary of Theology.
Campbell, Cynthia M. “Trinity.” Encyclopedia of the Reformed Faith, edited by Donald K. McKim and David F. Wright, 374–77. Louisville: WJK, 1992.
Carson, Donald A. “Trinity.” Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions, edited by A. Scott Moreau, 969–71. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2000.
Cross, F. L., and E. A. Livingstone, eds. “Trinity, doctrine of the.” The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 3rd ed. rev., 1652–53. Oxford: OUP, 2005.
Dobbin, Edmund J. “Trinity.” The New Dictionary of Theology, edited by Joseph A. Komonchak, Mary Collins, and Dermot A. Lane, 1046–61. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 2000.
Evans, C. Stephen. “Trinity.” Pocket Dictionary of Apologetics and Philosophy of Religion.
Geisler, Norman L. “Trinity.” Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics, 730–37. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999.
Grenz, Stanley J., David Guretzki, and Cherith Fee Nordling, eds. “Trinity.” Pocket Dictionary of Theological Terms, 116. Downers Grove: IVP, 1999.
Kurian, George Thomas, ed. “Trinity.” Nelson’s New Christian Dictionary.
Lueker, Erwin L. “Trinity.” Christian Cyclopedia.
MacLean, A. J.”The Holy Trinity.” Dictionary of the Apostolic Church edited by James Hastings, 460. New Yoork: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916-1918.
Muller, Richard A. “Trinitas.” Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms: Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology, 306–10. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1985.
Wainwright, Geoffrey. “Trinity.” Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible.

1.4. In Theological Journals

Armstrong, John H. “Annotated Bibliography [on the Trinity].” Reformation and Revival 10:3 (Summer 2001): 161–68.
Armstrong, John H. “The Trinity: What and Why? >> [[Volume 10, Number 2, Page 183” Reformation and Revival 10:3 (Summer 2001): 7–13.
Bauman, Michael E. “Milton, Subordinationism, and the Two-Stage Logos.” Westminster Theological Journal 48:1 (Spring 1986): 173–82.
Bevere, Allan R. “Doctrine as Grammatical Constraint: Nicholas Lash on the Trinity.” Ashland Theological Journal 23 (1991): 27–34.
Bilezikian, Gilbert. “Hermeneutical Bungee-Jumping: Subordination in the Godhead.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 40:1 (March 1997): 57–68.
Bozack, Michael J. “Physics in the Theological Seminary.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 36:1 (March 1993): 64-76.
Carl, Harold F. “Relational Language in John 14–16: Implications for the Doctrine of the Trinity.” Global Journal 2:1 (December 1999).
Carpenter, Mark. “A Synopsis of the Development of Trinitarian Thought From The First Century Church Fathers to the Second Century Apologists.” Trinity Journal 26:2 (2005): 293–319.
Chafer, Lewis Sperry. “Trinitarianism, Part 1.” Bibliotheca Sacra 97:385 (January 1940): 5–26.
Chafer, Lewis Sperry. “Trinitarianism, Part 2.” Bibliotheca Sacra 97:386 (April 1940): 137–65.
Chafer, Lewis Sperry. “Trinitarianism, Part 3.” Bibliotheca Sacra 97:387 (July 1940): 262–88.
Chafer, Lewis Sperry. “Trinitarianism, Part 4.” Bibliotheca Sacra 97:388 (October 1940): 390–409.
Chafer, Lewis Sperry. “Trinitarianism, Part 5.” Bibliotheca Sacra 98:389 (January 1941): 7–28.
Chafer, Lewis Sperry. “Trinitarianism, Part 6.” Bibliotheca Sacra 98:390 (April 1941): 133–54.
Chafer, Lewis Sperry. “Trinitarianism, Part 7.” Bibliotheca Sacra 98:391 (July 1941): 265–84.
Clark, R. Scott. “The Catholic-Calvinist Trinitarianism of Caspar Olevian.” Westminster Theological Journal 61:1 (Spring 1999): 15–39.
Cornelius, Emmitt C., Jr. “The Concept of Christ’s Preexistence in the Trinitarian Theology of Robert W. Jenson: An Exposition and Critique.” Westminster Theological Journal 67:2 (Fall 2005): 421.
Cowan, Christopher. “The Father and Son in the Fourth Gospel: Johannine Subordination Revisited.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 49:1 (March 2006): 115–35.
Dahms, John V. “A Trinitarian Epistemology Defended: A Rejoinder to Norman Geisler.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 22:2 (June 1979): 133–48.
Dahms, John V. “How Reliable Is Logic?” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 21:4 (December 1978): 369–80.
Dahms, John V. “The Subordination of the Son.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 37:3 (September 1994): 351–64.
Daughters, Kenneth. “The Trinity and the Christian.” Emmaus Journal 14:1 (Summer 2005): 57–73.
Davidson, Max. Review of Our Triune God, by Peter Toon. Evangelical Review of Theology 21 (1997): 285–86.
Davidson, Max. Review of The Trinity and Subordinationism: The Doctrine of God and the Contemporary Gender Debate, by Kevin N. Giles. Evangelical Review of Theology 28 (2004).
Dixon, Larry. “The ‘Shy’ Member of the Trinity: The Holy Spirit.” Emmaus Journal 11:2 (Winter 2002): 289–98.
Dixon, Larry. “The Other Comforter: The Place of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity.” Emmaus Journal 13:1 (Summer 2004): 73–119.
Fish, John H., III. “The Relationship of the Son to the Father.” In “God the Son.” Emmaus Journal 12:1 (Summer 2003): 3–127.
Geisler, Norman L. “‘Avoid . . . Contradictions’ (1 Timothy 6:20): A Reply to John Dahms.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 22:1 (March 1979): 55–65.
Geisler, Norman L. “Avoid All Contradictions: A Surrejoinder to John Dahms.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 22:2 (June 1979): 149–59.
Geisler, Norman L. “Orthodoxy and Divine Simplicity.” Christian Apologetics Journal 3:2 (Fall 2004): 12–27.
Giles, Kevin. “The Doctrine of the Trinity and Subordination.” Evangelical Review of Theology 28 (2004).
Goldsworthy, Graeme. “The Trinity and Prayer.” In “A Biblical-Theological Perspective on Prayer.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 10:4 (Winter 2006): 16–20.
Hall, Jason. Review of Jesus and the Father: Modern Evangelicals Reinvent the Doctrine of the Trinity, by Kevin Giles. Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 12:1 (Spring 2007): 32–39.
Haykin, Michael A. G. “‘Glory to the Three Eternal’: Benjamin Beddome and the Teaching of Trinitarian Theology in the Eighteenth Century.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 10:1 (Spring 2006): 72–81.
Haykin, Michael A. G. “The Undivided Three: The Doctrine of the Trinity in Church History.” Reformation and Revival 10:3 (Summer 2001): 53–64.
Holdsworth, Christopher B. “Calvin’s Doctrine of the Trinity: A Summary and Evaluation.” Reformation and Revival 7:2 (Spring 1998): 119–27.
Horrell, J. Scott. “Toward a Biblical Model of the Social Trinity: Avoiding Equivocation of Nature and Order.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 47:3 (September 2004): 399–421.
Janosik, Daniel. “Explaining the Trinity to a Muslim.” Christian Apologetics Journal 4:2 (Fall 2005): 73–85.
Johnson, Keith E. “Does the Doctrine of the Trinity Hold the Key to a Christian Theology of Religions? An Evaluation of Three Recent Proposals.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 10:1 (Spring 2006): 24–39.
Johnson, Keith E. “Trinitarian Agency and the Eternal Subordination of the Son: An Augustinian Perspective.” Themelios Volume 36, No. 1 (April 2011): 7-25.
Keener, Craig S. “Is Subordination within the Trinity Really Heresy? A Study of John 5:18 in Context.” Trinity Journal 20:1 (Spring 1999): 39–52.
Keith, Graham. “Our Knowledge of God: Insights from the Fourth-Century Trinitarian Controversies.” Reformation and Revival 12:1 (Winter 2003): 81–103.
Köstenberger, Andreas J. “John’s Trinitarian Mission Theology.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 9:4 (Winter 2005): 14–27.
Kovach, Stephen D. “Egalitarians Revamp Doctrine of the Trinity: Bilezikian, Grenz and the Kroegers Deny Eternal Subordination of the Son.” Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 2:1 (December 1996): 1–5.
Kovach, Stephen D. Review of The Trinity in a Pluralistic Age: Theological Essays on Culture and Religion, edited by Kevin J. Vanhoozer. Faith and Mission 14:2 (Spring 1997): 95–98.
Kovach, Stephen D., and Peter R. Schemm Jr. “A Defense of the Doctrine of the Eternal Subordination of the Son.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 42:3 (September 1999): 461–76.
Leithart, Peter J. “‘Framing’ Sacramental Theology: Trinity and Symbol.” Westminster Theological Journal 62:1 (Spring 2000): 1–16.
Lim, Paul. “The Trinity, Adiaphora, Ecclesiology, and Reformation: John Owen’s Theory of Religious Toleration in Context.” Westminster Theological Journal 67:2 (Fall 2005): 281–300.
MacLeod, David J. “The Trinity and Scripture.” Emmaus Journal 11:2 (Winter 2002): 127–218.
Madany, Bassam M. “The Trinity and Christian Missions to Muslims.” Reformation and Revival 10:3 (Summer 2001): 119–33.
McClendon, James Wm. “Some Reflections on the Future of Trinitarianism.” Review and Expositor 63:2 (Spring 1966): 149–56.
Mohler, R. Albert. “The Relevance of the Trinity.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 10:1 (Spring 2006): 86–101.
Morrison, John D. “Trinity and Church: An Examination of Theological Methodology.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 40:3 (September 1997): 445–54.
Poythress, Vern S. “Reforming Ontology and Logic in the Light of the Trinity: An Application of Van Til’s Idea of Analogy.” Westminster Theological Journal 57:1 (Spring 1995): 187–219.
Pugliese, Marc A. “How Important Is the Filioque for Reformed Orthodoxy?” Westminster Theological Journal 66:1 (Spring 2004): 159–77.
Rondon, Jose. “Trinitarian Solidarity with Mankind in the Book of Hebrews.” Faith and Mission 21:3 (Summer 2004): 46–58.
Schaeffer, Francis A. “He Is There and He Is Not Silent—Part I: Philosophy’s Metaphysical Problem as Answered in the Existence of the Infinite-Personal, Triune God.” Bibliotheca Sacra 128:510 (April 1971): 99–108.
Schaeffer, Francis A. “He Is There and He Is Not Silent—Part II: Philosophy’s Metaphysical Problem as Answered in the Existence of the Infinite-Personal, Triune God.” Bibliotheca Sacra 128:511 (July 1971): 195–205.
Schemm, Peter R., Jr. “Taxis or Praxis? Why Trinitarians Do Not Make Good Feminists.” Faith and Mission 22:1 (Fall 2004): 23–35.
Schemm, Peter R., Jr. “Trinitarian Perspectives on Gender Roles.” Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 6:1 (Spring 2001): 13–19.
Schemm, Peter R., Jr. Review of The Trinity and Subordinationism, by Kevin Giles. Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 7:2 (Spring 2002): 67–77.
Scoff, Kieran. “Practicing the Trinity in the Local Church: The Symbol as Icon and Lure.” Review and Expositor 99:3 (Summer 2002): 429–43.
Smith, James D., III. “Ancient Christian Trinitarian Metaphors and a Contemporary Analogy from Music.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 33:3 (September 1990): 353–57.
Stevenson, Mark R. Review of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit: Relationships, Roles, and Relevance, by Bruce A. Ware. Emmaus Journal 14:1 (Summer 2005): 110–14.
Stinson, Randy. “Does the Father Submit to the Son? A Critique of Royce Gruenler.” Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 6:2 (Fall 2001): 12–16.
Strauch, Alexander. “The Trinity and the Doctrine of Love.” Emmaus Journal 12:2 (Winter 2003): 265–75.
Tinder, Donald. “The Doctrine of the Trinity: Its Historical Development and Departures.” Emmaus Journal 13:1 (Summer 2004): 121–49.
Tipton, Lane G. “The Triune Personal God: Trinitarian Theology in the Thought of Cornelius Van Til.” Westminster Theological Journal 66:2 (Fall 2004): 423.
Toon, Peter. “Ways of Describing the Holy Trinity.” Reformation and Revival 10:3 (Summer 2001): 95–116.
Ware, Bruce A. “Cur Deus Trinus? The Relation of the Trinity to Christ’s Identity as Savior and to the Efficacy of His Atoning Death.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 10:1 (Spring 2006): 48–55.
Ware, Bruce A. “Tampering with the Trinity: Does the Son Submit to His Father?” Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 6:1 (Spring 2001): 4–11.
Webber, Robert E. “Is Our Worship Adequately Triune?” Reformation and Revival 9:3 (Summer 2000): 121–29.
Weber, Richard M. “The Trinitarian Theology of Jonathan Edwards: An Investigation of Charges Against Its Orthodoxy.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 44:2 (June 2001): 297–318.
Wells, Tom. “The Doctrine of the Trinity: Is It Biblical?” Reformation and Revival 10:3 (Summer 2001): 41–52.
Wellum, Stephen J. “An Evaluation of the Son–Spirit Relation in Clark Pinnock’s Inclusivism: An Exercise in Trinitarian Reflection.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 10:1 (Spring 2006): 4–18.
Wellum, Stephen J. “God in Three Persons, Blessed Trinity.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 10:1 (Spring 2006): 2–3.
Witmer, John A. “Paul’s Trinitarian Epistle.” Bibliotheca Sacra 115:459 (July 1958): 247–57.
Wright, David F. “The Formation of the Doctrine of the Trinity in the Early Church.” Reformation and Revival 10:3 (Summer 2001): 69–93.
Zaspel, Fred. “B. B. Warfield on the Trinity.” Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 10:1 (Spring 2006): 58–70.

2. Chapters or Sections

2.1. In Systematic Theologies

Aquinas, Thomas. “Treatise on the Most Holy Trinity (Questions [27]-43).” In Summa Theologica.
Barth, Karl. “The Triune God.” In The Doctrine of the Word of God, Part 1. Vol. 1 of Church Dogmatics, translated by G. W. Bromiley, edited by G. W. Bromiley and T. F. Torrance, 2nd ed., 293–489 (esp. 348–83). Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 2004.
Berkhof, Louis. “The Holy Trinity.” In Systematic Theology, 82–99. 4th ed. 1938. Reprinted, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.
Berkhof, Louis. “The Trinity.” In Manual of Christian Doctrine, 75–83. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1933.
Berkhof, Louis. “The Trinity.” In Summary of Christian Doctrine, 42–45. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1938.
Bloesch, Donald G. “The Mystery of the Trinity.” In God the Almighty: Power, Wisdom, Holiness, Love. Christian Foundations, 166–204. Downers, Grove: IVP, 1995.
Boettner, Loraine. “The Trinity.” In Studies in Theology, 79–139. Philadelphia: P&R, 1971.
Boice, James Montgomery. “God in Three Persons.” In Foundations of the Christian Faith: A Comprehensive and Readable Theology. Rev. ed., 108–16. Downers Grove: IVP, 1986.
Boyce, James Petigru. “Outward Relations in the Trinity.” In Abstract of Systematic Theology, 156–66. 1887. Reprint, Phillipsburg: P&R, 1996.
Boyce, James Petigru. “Personal Relations in the Trinity.” In Abstract of Systematic Theology, 136–55. 1887. Reprint, Phillipsburg: P&R, 1996.
Boyce, James Petigru. “The Trinity.” In Abstract of Systematic Theology, 125–36. 1887. Reprint, Phillipsburg: P&R, 1996.
Brakel, Wilhelmus à. “The Divine Persons.” In The Christian’s Reasonable Service, translated by Bartel Elshout, 1:139–91. Soli Deo Gloria, 1993.
Brakel, Wilhelmus à. “The Essence of God.” In The Christian’s Reasonable Service, translated by Bartel Elshout, 1:83–138. Soli Deo Gloria, 1993.
Calvin, John. “The Unity of the Divine Essence in Three Persons Taught, in Scripture, from the Foundation of the World.” In Institutes of the Christian Religion, I, xiii. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society, 1845–46.
Chafer, Lewis Sperry. “Trinitarianism.” In Systematic Theology, Volume One: Prolegomena, Bibliology, and Theology Proper, 272–414. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1976.
Chemnitz, Martin. “God in Particular.” In Loci Theologici, translated by J. A. O. Preus, 63–81. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1989.
Clarke, Adam. “The Trinity.” In Christian Theology.
Cottrell, Jack. “God Is Three: The Trinity.” In The Faith Once for All: Bible Doctrine for Today.
Culver, Robert D. “The Triunity of the Godhead in Biblical and Christian History.” In Systematic Theology: Biblical and Historical, 104–12. Ross-shire, Great Britain: Mentor, 2005.
Culver, Robert D. “The Triunity of the Godhead: Questions, Traditional Expressions, Illustrations, Values, Refinements, Cautions.” In Systematic Theology: Biblical and Historical, 113–21. Ross-shire, Great Britain: Mentor, 2005.
Dabney, Robert L. “The Trinity.” In Lectures in Systematic Theology, 207–16.
Duffield, Guy P., and Nathaniel M. Van Cleave. “The Tri-Unity (Trinity) of God.” In Foundations of Pentecostal Theology, 86–90. Los Angeles: L.I.F.E. Bible College, 1983.
Enns, Paul P. “The Trinity of God.” In Moody Handbook of Theology, 198–203. Moody: Chicago, 1989.
Erickson, Millard. “God’s Three-in-Oneness: The Trinity.” In Christian Theology. 2nd ed., 346–67. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998.
Evans, William, and S. Maxwell Coder. “The Doctrine of the Trinity (Vs. Unitarianism).” In The Great Doctrines of the Bible.
Feinberg, John S. “The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In No One Like Him: The Doctrine of God. Foundations of Evangelical Theology, edited by John S. Feinberg, 437–98. Wheaton: Crossway, 2001.
Finger, Thomas N. “The Trinity.” In A Contemporary Anabaptist Theology: Biblical, Historical, Constructive, 421–64. Downers Grove: IVP, 2004.
Frame, John M. “God, Three in One.” In Salvation Belongs to the Lord: An Introduction to Systematic Theology, 30–41. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2006.
Frame, John M. “God, Three in One.” In The Doctrine of God, 619–43. Vol. 2, A Theology of Lordship. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2002.
Frame, John M. “The Three Are God.” In The Doctrine of God, 644–87. Vol. 2, A Theology of Lordship. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2002.
Frame, John M. “Father, Son, and Spirit.” In The Doctrine of God, 688–735. Vol. 2, A Theology of Lordship. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2002.
Geisler, Norman L. “God’s Unity and Triunity.” In Systematic Theology, Volume Two: God, Creation, 269–312. Minneapolis: Bethany, 2003.
Gilkey, Langdon. “God.” In Christian Theology: An Introduction to Its Traditions and Tasks, edited by Peter Crafts Hodgson and Robert Harlen King, 88–113. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994.
Grudem, Wayne A. “God in Three Persons: The Trinity.” In Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, 226–61. Leicester, England: IVP; Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000.
Henry, Carl F. H. “Muddling the Trinitarian Dispute.” In God, Revelation and Authority, Vol. 5: God Who Stands and Stays, Part One, 165–90. Wheaton: Crossway, 1999.
Henry, Carl F. H. “The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In God, Revelation and Authority, Vol. 5: God Who Stands and Stays, Part One, 191–213. Wheaton: Crossway, 1999.
Hodge, A. A. “The Holy Trinity.” In Outlines of Theology, 164–99. Carlisle, PN: Banner of Truth, 1991.
Hodge, A. A. “The Holy Trinity.” In Princetoniana: Charles & A. A. Hodge: with Class and Table Talk of Hodge the Younger, edited by C. A. Salmond, 162–67. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1888.
Hodge, Charles. “The Trinity.” In Systematic Theology, 1:442–82.
Koehler, Edward W. A. “The Triune God.” In A Summary of Christian Doctrine: A Popular Presentation of the Teachings of the Bible. 2nd rev. ed., 29–33. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 1999.
Kolb, Robert. “The Trinity.” In The Christian Faith: A Lutheran Exposition, 41–47. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 1999.
Laney, J. Carl, Jr. “The Triunity of God.” In Understanding Christian Theology, edited by Charles R. Swindoll and Roy B. Zuck.
Melanchthon, Philip. “God.” In Loci Communes, translated by J. A. O. Preus, 18–32. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1992.
Mueller, John Theodore. “The Doctrine of God.” In Christian Dogmatics: A Handbook of Doctrinal Theology for Pastors, Teachers, and Laymen, 143–75. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1934.
Oden, Thomas C. “Holy Spirit in Holy Triad.” In Life in the Spirit. Vol. 3 of Systematic Theology, 23–31. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
Oden, Thomas C. “Whether God Is Triune.” In The Living God. Vol. 1 of Systematic Theology. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1987.
Packer, J. I. “Trinity.” In Concise Theology: A Guide to Historic Christian Beliefs, n.p. Wheaton: Tyndale, 1993.
Pannenberg, Wolfhart. “The Trinitarian God.” In Systematic Theology, translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley, 1:258–336. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
Pieper, Francis. “The Doctrine of God.” In Christian Dogmatics, 1:369–463. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1950.
Reymond, Robert. “God as Trinity.” In A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith.
Ryrie, Charles C. “The Triunity of God.” In Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth.
Ryrie, Charles C. “What Is the Trinity?.” In A Survey of Bible Doctrine.
Shedd, William G. T. “Trinity in Unity.” In Dogmatic Theology, 3rd ed., edited by Alan W. Gomes, 219–73. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1889, 1894. Reprint, Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 2003.
Smith, Morton H. “The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In Systematic Theology, 147–53. 1994.
Strong, Augustus H. “The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In Systematic Theology.
Van Til, Cornelius. “The Trinity of God.” In An Introduction to Systematic Theology, n.p. Phillipsburg: P&R, 1979.

2.2. In Other Books

Arminius, James. “On God, Considered according to the Relation between the Persons in the Trinity.” In The Works of James Arminius.
Boer, Harry R. “The Trinitarian Controversy.” In A Short History of the Early Church, 108–20. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1976.
Boulnois, Marie-Odile. “The Mystery of the Trinity according to Cyril of Alexandria: The Deployment of the Triad and Its Recapitulation into the Unity of Divinity.” In The Theology of St. Cyril of Alexandria: A Critical Appreciation, edited by Thomas G. Weinandy and Daniel A. Keating, 75–111. New York: T&T Clark, 2003.
Bunyan, John. “Of the Trinity and a Christian.” In The Works of John Bunyan, 2:386–37.
Cunningham, William. “The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In Historical Theology: A Review of the Principal Doctrinal Discussions in the Christian Church Since the Apostolic Age, 267–306. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1863.
Emery, Gilles. “The Doctrine of the Trinity in St Thomas Aquinas.” In Aquinas on Doctrine: A Critical Introduction, edited by Thomas G. Weinandy, Daniel A. Keating, and John P. Yocum, 45–62. London: T&T Clark, 2004.
Fee, Gordon D. “Paul and the Trinity: The Experience of Christ and the Spirit for Paul’s Understanding of God.” In To What End Exegesis? Essays Textual, Exegetical, and Theological, 330–50. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
Geisler, Norman L., and Abdul Saleeb. “A Defense of the Trinity.” In Answering Islam: The Crescent in Light of the Cross. 2nd ed., 263–77. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002.
Giles, Kevin. “The Subordination of Christ and the Subordination of Women.” In Discovering Biblical Equality: Complementarity without Hierarchy, edited by Ronald W. Pierce and Rebecca Merrill Groothuis, 334–54. Downers Grove: IVP, 2004.
Gunton, Colin E. “The Atonement and the Triune God.” In The Actuality of Atonement: A Study of Metaphor, Rationality, and the Christian Tradition, 142–71. London: T&T Clark, 1988.
Gunton, Colin E. “The Triune God.” In Theology Through Preaching: Sermons for Brentwood, 55–60. London: T&T Clark, 2001.
Hägglund, Bengt. “Athanasius: The Formation of the Trinitarian Doctrine.” In History of Theology, translated by Gene J. Lund, 79–88. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1968.
Hägglund, Bengt. “Monarchianism: The Trinitarian Problem.” In History of Theology, translated by Gene J. Lund, 69–74. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 1968.
Hinson, David F. “The Eternal Trinity.” In Theology of the Old Testament. SPCK International Study Guide 15, 48–55. London: SPCK, 1976.
Jenson, Robert W. “Reconciliation in God.” In The Theology of Reconciliation, edited by Colin E. Gunton, 158–66. London: T&T Clark, 2003.
Kettler, Steven C. “The Trinity.” In Biblical Counsel: Resources for Renewal; An Annotated Topical Bibliography of Works Containing Biblical Counsel for Persons Seeking Lasting Solutions to Life’s Problems, 27–28. Newark, DE: Lettermen Associates, 1993.
Lloyd-Jones, D. Martyn. “The Names of God and the Holy Trinity.” In Great Doctrines of the Bible, Volume 1: God the Father, God the Son, 79–91. Wheaton: Crossway, 1996.
Mostert, Christiaan. “The Reign of the Triune God.” In God and the Future: Wolfhart Pannenberg’s Eschatological Doctrine of God, 183–236. London: T&T Clark, 2002.
Nicole, Roger. “The Meaning of the Trinity.” In Our Sovereign Saviour, 11-19. Fearn, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, 2002.
Reed, David A. “Trinity.” In Answering Jehovah’s Witnesses Subject by Subject, n.p. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987.
Shelley, Bruce L. “Splitting Important Hairs: The Doctrine of the Trinity.” In Church History in Plain Language. 2nd ed., 99–107. Dallas: Word, 1995.
Sproul, R. C. “Essence and Person: Probing the Mystery of the Trinity.” In The Mystery of the Holy Spirit, n.p. Wheaton: Tyndale, 1990.
Sproul, R. C. “The Mystery of the Trinity.” In The Mystery of the Holy Spirit, n.p. Wheaton: Tyndale, 1990.
Sproul, R. C. “The Triunity of God.” In Essential Truths of the Christian Faith, n.p. Wheaton: Tyndale, 1992.
Sumner, Sarah. “How Does God Head Christ?” In Men and Women in the Church: Building Consensus on Christian Leadership, 173–81. Downers Grove: IVP, 2003.
Van Til, Cornelius. “The Triune Personal God.” In Apologetics, n.p. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 1976.
Ware, Bruce A. “Tampering with the Trinity: Does the Son Submit to the Father?” In Biblical Foundations for Manhood and Womanhood, edited by Wayne A. Grudem, 232–53. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2002.
Warfield, Benjamin B. “The Biblical Doctrine of the Trinity.” In The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield, 10 vols., 2:133–72. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1991.
Warfield, Benjamin B. “Calvin’s Doctrine of the Trinity.” In Calvin and Augustine. In The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield, 10 vols., 5:189–284. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1991.
Warfield, Benjamin B. “God Our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.” In The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield, 10 vols., 2:213–31. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1991.

3. Books and Treatises

Athanasius. Defence against the Arians Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Second Series, Volume IV.
(alternative resource: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Second Series, Volume IV (CE) )
Athanasius. Four Discourses against the Arians Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Second Series, Volume IV.
(alternative resource: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Second Series, Volume IV (CE) )
Augustin, Aurelius. On the Trinity Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers First Series, Volume III.
Basil. Ep. 8 NPNF.
Basil. Ep. 38 NPNF.
Basil. Ep. 125 NPNF.
Gregory of Nyssa. On the Holy Trinity, and of the Godhead of the Holy Spirit Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Second Series, Volume V.
(alternative resource: Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Second Series, Volume V (CE) )
Gregory of Nyssa. On Not Three Gods NPNF 2nd Series
Gunton, Colin E. Father, Son, and Holy Spirit: Essays Toward a Fully Trinitarian Theology.
Gunton, Colin E. The Promise of Trinitarian Theology. 2nd ed.
Hall, Francis J. Dogmatic Theology Vol 4: The Trinity.
Hilary of Poiters. On the Trinity Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Second Series, Volume IX.
Hippolytus. Against Noetus
Molnar, Paul D. Divine Freedom and the Doctrine of Immanent Trinity: In Dialogue with Karl Barth and Contemporary Theology.
Morey, Robert. The Trinity: Evidence and Issues.
Novatian. A Treatise of Novatian Concerning the Trinity Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume V.
Olson, Roger, and Christopher Hall. The Trinity.
Owen, John. A Brief Declaration and Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity.
Owen, John. Of Communion with God the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.
Pohle, Joseph, and Arthur Preuss. “The Divine Trinity: A Dogmatic Treatise.
Tertullian. Against Praxeas Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume III.
Torrance, Thomas F. The Christian Doctrine of God, One Being Three Persons.

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1. Articles

1.1. In English Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

1.2. In Bible Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

1.3. In Theological Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

1.4. In Theological Journals

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2.1. In Systematic Theologies

2.2. In Other Books

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